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+# Expanding a FreeBSD FileSystem on a VM
+
+If a VM is getting a bit tight for disk space, you can expand the size of a drive.  This example is the more difficult one of expanding the primary drive.  The example uses the instance name work0psg.com, which should be replaced by your own, of course.
+
+## Tell Ganeti to Grow the Disk
+
+First you need to make the Ganeti disk allocation larger.
+
+```
+gnt-instance grow-disk work0.psg.com 0 100G
+```
+
+grows the priimary drive by 100G.
+
+This allocates more disk in Ganeti and creates a larger partition.  But it does not tell FreeBSD that the disk is bigger.
+
+Also, like many gnt-instance modify commands, it will not take effect until the next Ganeti start, not reboot within the VM, but a real Ganeti instance reboot or shutdown/start.
+
+## It is Best to do this in Single User
+
+Boot into single user
+
+```
+Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: 
+```
+
+## Set-Up
+
+Confirm the disk is allocated as expected.  Note that the new allocation will not show yet.
+
+```
+:/# gpart show vtbd0
+=>       34  209715133  vtbd0  GPT  (200G) [CORRUPT]
+         34        128      1  freebsd-boot  (64K)
+        162  201326464      2  freebsd-ufs  (96G)
+  201326626    8388540      3  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+  209715166          1         - free -  (512B)
+```
+
+Everything says to turn swap off, but I think it is normall off in single user
+
+```
+:/# swapoff /dev/vtbd0p3
+swapoff: /dev/vtbd0p3: Invalid argument
+```
+
+## Get FreeBSD to See the New Space
+
+Tell gpart to find the new space
+
+```
+:/# gpart recover vtbd0
+vtbd0 recovered
+```
+
+Now we can see the new space
+
+```
+:/# gpart show vtbd0
+=>       34  419430333  vtbd0  GPT  (200G)
+         34        128      1  freebsd-boot  (64K)
+        162  201326464      2  freebsd-ufs  (96G)
+  201326626    8388540      3  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+  209715166  209715201         - free -  (100G)
+```
+
+## Get Swap Out of the Way and Expand the Partition
+
+Get the swap partition out of the way
+
+```
+:/# gpart delete -i 3 vtbd0
+vtbd0p3 deleted
+
+:/# gpart show vtbd0
+=>       34  419430333  vtbd0  GPT  (200G)
+         34        128      1  freebsd-boot  (64K)
+        162  201326464      2  freebsd-ufs  (96G)
+  201326626  218103741         - free -  (104G)
+```
+
+Grow the data partition, being sure to leave room for the swap partition
+
+```
+:/# gpart resize -i 2 -a 4k -s 196G vtbd0
+vtbd0p2 resized
+```
+
+See that it grew.
+
+```
+:/# gpart show vtbd0
+=>       34  419430333  vtbd0  GPT  (200G)
+         34        128      1  freebsd-boot  (64K)
+        162  411041790      2  freebsd-ufs  (196G)
+  411041952    8388415         - free -  (4.0G)
+```
+
+## Make a Swap Partition
+
+Recreate a swap partiton
+
+```
+:/# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k vtbd0
+vtbd0p3 added
+```
+
+See that it is as expected
+
+```
+:/# gpart show vtbd0
+=>       34  419430333  vtbd0  GPT  (200G)
+         34        128      1  freebsd-boot  (64K)
+        162  411041790      2  freebsd-ufs  (196G)
+  411041952    8388408      3  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+  419430360          7         - free -  (3.5K)
+```
+
+Turn swap on, but probably not needed in single user
+
+```
+:/# swapon /dev/vtbd0p3
+```
+
+## Tell FreeBSD to Expand the FileSystem to Fill Partition
+
+The last move is to tell FreeBSD to detect the larger space and grow the file system to fill it
+
+```
+:/# growfs /dev/vtbd0p2
+It's strongly recommended to make a backup before growing the file system.
+OK to grow filesystem on /dev/vtbd0p2, mounted on /, from 96GB to 196GB? [Yes/No] Yes
+super-block backups (for fsck_ffs -b #) at:
+ 201352064, 202634560, 203917056, 205199552, 206482048, 207764544, 209047040,
+ 210329536, 211612032, 212894528, 214177024, 215459520, 216742016, 218024512,
+ 219307008, 220589504, 221872000, 223154496, 224436992, 225719488, 227001984,
+ 228284480, 229566976, 230849472, 232131968, 233414464, 234696960, 235979456,
+ 237261952, 238544448, 239826944, 241109440, 242391936, 243674432, 244956928,
+ 246239424, 247521920, 248804416, 250086912, 251369408, 252651904, 253934400,
+ 255216896, 256499392, 257781888, 259064384, 260346880, 261629376, 262911872,
+ 264194368, 265476864, 266759360, 268041856, 269324352, 270606848, 271889344,
+ 273171840, 274454336, 275736832, 277019328, 278301824, 279584320, 280866816,
+ 282149312, 283431808, 284714304, 285996800, 287279296, 288561792, 289844288,
+ 291126784, 292409280, 293691776, 294974272, 296256768, 297539264, 298821760,
+ 300104256, 301386752, 302669248, 303951744, 305234240, 306516736, 307799232,
+ 309081728, 310364224, 311646720, 312929216, 314211712, 315494208, 316776704,
+ 318059200, 319341696, 320624192, 321906688, 323189184, 324471680, 325754176,
+ 327036672, 328319168, 329601664, 330884160, 332166656, 333449152, 334731648,
+ 336014144, 337296640, 338579136, 339861632, 341144128, 342426624, 343709120,
+ 344991616, 346274112, 347556608, 348839104, 350121600, 351404096, 352686592,
+ 353969088, 355251584, 356534080, 357816576, 359099072, 360381568, 361664064,
+ 362946560, 364229056, 365511552, 366794048, 368076544, 369359040, 370641536,
+ 371924032, 373206528, 374489024, 375771520, 377054016, 378336512, 379619008,
+ 380901504, 382184000, 383466496, 384748992, 386031488, 387313984, 388596480,
+ 389878976, 391161472, 392443968, 393726464, 395008960, 396291456, 397573952,
+ 398856448, 400138944, 401421440, 402703936, 403986432, 405268928, 406551424,
+ 407833920, 409116416, 410398912
+```
+
+And Bob's your uncle!
+
+```
+:/# df -h
+Filesystem      Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
+/dev/vtbd0p2    190G     86G     89G    49%    /
+devfs           1.0K    1.0K      0B   100%    /dev
+```
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